AASHTO T 191:2014 Standard Method of Test for Density of Soil In-Place by the Sand-Cone Method

AASHTO T 191:2014 Standard Method of Test for Density of Soil In-Place by the Sand-Cone Method. 3.3. Sand—Any clean, dry, free-flowing. uncemented sand having few, if any, particles passing the 0.075-mm or retained on the 2.00-mm sieves. In selecting a sand for use, several bulk density determinations should be made using the same representative sample for each determination. To be acceptable, the sand shall not have a variation in bulk density greater than 1 percent. 3.4. Balances—A balance conforming to the requirements of M 231, (lass G 20. Also, a balance conforming to the requirements of M 231. Class G 2. 3.5. Drying Equipment—Stove or oven or other suitable equipment for drying moisture content samples. 3.6. Miscellaneous Equipment—Small pick, chisels, or spoons for digging test hole; 254 mm (10 in.) frying pan or any suitable container for drying moisture samples: buckets with lids, canvas sacks. or other suitable containers for retaining the density sample, moisture sample. or density sand. respectively: small paintbrush, slide rule, and notebook. 4. CONE CORRECTION AND BULK DENSITY FACTORS 4.1.1. Fill the apparatus with sand that is dried and conditioned to the same state anticipated during testing. Note 2—The apparatus may be filled either with or without the metal funnel being attached. The funnel may be removed and reattached as needed in order to fill the apparatus with the funnel detached. 4.1.2. Determine and record the mass of the apparatus filled with sand (in1). 4.2. Determine the mass of sand required to fill the funnel and base plate (cone correction). 4.2.1. Place the base plate on a clean, level, plane surface. Invert the sand-cone filled with sand and seat the funnel in the recess of the base plate. 4.2.2. Open the valve fully, and allow the sand to flow until it stops (Note 2). 4.2.3. Close the valve sharply, remove the apparatus, and determine the mass of the apparatus and the remaining sand (in2). 4.2.4. The mass of sand required to fill the cone and base plate is calculated by the difference between the initial mass (Step 4.1.3) and final mass (Step 4.2.3). Record this mass as the cone correction (G = in1 1712). (See Section 4.4.) 4.3. Determine the bulk density of sand (D8) to be used in the field test. 4.3.1. Replace the sand removed in the funnel determination according to Section 4.1, close the valve, and determine the mass of the apparatus and...